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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)
Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)
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| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001) | Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) | |
-2001-bmala.jpg) | -2003-bmala.jpg) | |
| Administrative divisions | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products | fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products |
| Airports | 5 (2000 est.) | 5 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
3 under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
total: 3
under 914 m: 3 (2002) |
| Area | total:
12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands |
total: 12,173 sq km
land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Connecticut | slightly smaller than Connecticut |
| Background | Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. | Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues:
$66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.) |
revenues: $66.2 million
expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.) |
| Capital | Stanley | Stanley |
| Climate | cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate | cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate |
| Coastline | 1,288 km | 1,288 km |
| Constitution | 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 | 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
| Currency | Falkland pound (FKP) | Falkland pound (FKP) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $NA | $NA |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina | overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Disputes - international | claimed by Argentina | claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force |
| Economic aid - recipient | $1.7 million (1995) | none |
| Economy - overview | The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. | The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. |
| Electricity - consumption | 11.2 million kWh (1999) | 15.19 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | 12 million kWh (1999) | 16.33 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster |
| Ethnic groups | British | British |
| Exchange rates | Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound | Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Donald LAMONT (since NA May 1999); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | $7.6 million (1995) | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | wool, hides, meat | wool, hides, meat |
| Exports - partners | UK, Japan, Chile, NZ | Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $52 million (FY95/96 est.) | purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $19,000 (FY95/96 est.) | purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 1% (FY95/96 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 51 45 S, 59 00 W | 51 45 S, 59 00 W |
| Geography - note | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season |
| Highways | total:
440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km |
total: 440 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $24.7 million (1995) | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing | fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing |
| Imports - partners | UK, Japan, Chile, NZ | UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002) |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins | fish and wool processing; tourism |
| Infant mortality rate | NA deaths/1,000 live births | total: NA%
male: NA% female: NA% |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.6% (1998) | 3.6% (1998) |
| International organization participation | ICFTU | ICFTU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions) | Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction |
| Labor force | 1,100 (est.) | 1,100 (est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) | agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 99% forests and woodland: 0% other: 1% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English | English |
| Legal system | English common law | English common law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms) presided over by the governor
elections: last held 9 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2001) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8 |
unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor
elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
| Location | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina |
| Map references | South America | South America |
| Maritime claims | continental shelf:
200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
continental shelf: 200 NM
exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force | British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | NA% |
| National holiday | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) |
| Nationality | noun:
Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island |
noun: Falkland Islander(s)
adjective: Falkland Island |
| Natural hazards | strong winds persist throughout the year | strong winds persist throughout the year |
| Natural resources | fish, wildlife | fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | none; all independents | none; all independents |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | none |
| Population | 2,895 (July 2001 est.) | 2,967 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.43% (2001 est.) | 2.44% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Stanley | Stanley
note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988 |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 1,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist | primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries |
general assessment: NA
domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) (1997) | 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)
note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002) |
| Terrain | rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains | rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | full employment; labor shortage | full employment; labor shortage |
| Waterways | none | none |
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